Art of illumination / Tazhib (Zarhalkori etc.)

Illumination, or tazhib, is a decorative art form used to adorn manuscripts, calligraphic texts, and miniatures through the use of gold leaf and vibrant natural pigments. Masters of this discipline create precise geometric and floral patterns that carry symbolic meaning. While historically associated with religious and literary texts, the practice remains vital today both for contemporary art production and for the restoration of historical manuscripts and cultural objects.